Chaban-delmas, Jacques
Delmas was educated in political science and law and worked as a journalist before joining the army in 1938. As one of the early members of the R�sistance (joined December 1940), he used Chaban as his code name, which he later legally added to his own. He was extremely active in
Bohemond Ii
The son of Bohemond I and Constance of France, he went from Apulia to Antioch in 1126. Antioch had been under the regency of Baldwin II of Jerusalem since 1119, when the previous prince, Roger, had been killed. Soon after his arrival in Antioch, Bohemond married Alice, the younger daughter of Baldwin. After joining with Baldwin in an attack on Damascus
Kediri
Ancient �Kadiri� traditional region and modern kabupaten (regency) of eastern Java, Indonesia. From the 11th to the early 13th century, Kediri was the dominant kingdom in eastern Java, renowned for its naval and commercial strength and for its achievements in literature. It was absorbed into the later kingdoms of Singasari and Majapahit and then by the central Java kingdom of Mataram.
Gravure Printing
Photomechanical intaglio process in which the image to be printed consists of depressions or recesses on the surface of the printing plate. The process is the reverse of relief printing, in which the image is raised from the surface of the plate. The printer forms the image by cutting into the plate by hand or by using acids or other chemicals to etch the plate along
Armour, Philip Danforth
Armour earned his first capital in California mining endeavours and cofounded a grain-dealing and meatpacking business in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1863. Anticipating a
China, Trends in the arts
In literature the greatest glory of the T'ang period was its poetry. By the 8th century poets had broken away from the artificial diction and matter of the court poetry of the southern dynasties and achieved a new directness and naturalism. The reign of Hs�an-tsung (712 - 756) - known as Ming-huang, the Brilliant Emperor - was the time of the great figures of Li Po, Wang Wei, and Tu Fu. The
Refrain
A phrase, line, or group of lines repeated at intervals throughout a poem, generally at the end of the stanza. Refrains are found in the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead and are common in primitive tribal chants. They appear in literature as varied as ancient Hebrew, Greek, and Latin verse, popular ballads, and Renaissance and Romantic lyrics. Three common refrains are
Yupik
Also called �Asiatic, or Asian, Eskimo, � Western Eskimo group of Siberian Asia and of Saint Lawrence Island and the Diomede Islands in the Bering Sea and Strait. They are culturally related to the Chukchi. The traditional economic activity of the Yupik-speaking Eskimo was the hunting of sea mammals, especially seals, walrus, and, until the latter half of the 19th century, whales. Trade with the Russians developed
La Fayette, Marie-madeleine (pioche De La Vergne), Comtesse De
In Paris during the civil wars of the Fronde, young Mlle de la Vergne was brought into contact with Madame de S�vign�, now famous for her letters. She also met a leading political agitator, the future Cardinal de Retz. Married in 1655 to Fran�ois Motier, comte de La Fayette (1616 - 83), she lived
Talas
Oblasty (province), northwestern Kyrgyzstan, centred on the Talas River valley that follows an essentially east-west axis through the northern portion of the oblasty. Reconstituted in 1990, the oblasty was formed in 1944 and remained in existence until 1956. It was reestablished in 1980 - 88 and once again re-formed in 1990. The population of Talas includes a large concentration of non-Central
Sanger, John And George
The brothers were assistants in their father's touring peep show and formed their own show in 1853. By 1871 they had leased Astley's Amphitheatre
Cyprus, The Lusignan kingdom, Genoese rule, and Venetian rule
Guy, a Frenchman who called himself lord of Cyprus, invited families that had lost their lands in Palestine after the fall of Jerusalem to settle in Cyprus, thereby laying the basis for a feudal monarchy that survived to the end of the Middle Ages. His brother and successor, Amalric, obtained the title of king from the Holy Roman emperor Henry VI. The earliest kings of
Barasat
Town, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India. Connected by road and rail with Calcutta and Howrah, it is an important trade centre for rice, legumes, sugarcane, potatoes, and coconuts; cotton weaving is the major industry. An annual fair held in honour of a Muslim saint is attended by both Muslims and Hindus. Barasat was constituted a municipality in 1869. Pop. (1981) 69,586.
Interlingua
Also called �Latino Sine Flexione, � simplified form of Latin intended for use as an international second language. Interlingua was originally developed in 1903 by the Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano, but lack of clarity as to what parts of Latin were to be retained and what were to be discarded led to numerous �dialects� of Interlingua, confusion, and its dying out among enthusiasts. In the late 1940s and
Ta Y�
Pinyin �Da Yu� (Chinese: �Y� the Great�), in Chinese mythology, the Tamer of the Flood, one of China's saviour-heroes and reputed founder of China's oldest dynasty, the Hsia. One legend among many recounts Ta Y�'s extraordinary birth: a man called Kun was given charge of controlling a great deluge. To dam the water, he stole from heaven what seems to have been a piece of magic soil. Angered by the
Draft Animal
Any domesticated animal used in drawing heavy loads. Draft animals were in common use in Mesopotamia before 3000 BC for farm work and for pulling wheeled vehicles. Their use spread to the rest of the world over the following 2,500 years. While cattle, usually in teams, have been used most often as draft animals, horses and donkeys have supplanted them in many areas. Some horses - such
Antarctica, Antarctica and continental drift
The geologic evolution of Antarctica has followed a course similar to that of the other southern continents. The earliest chapters in Antarctica's rather fragmentary record extend far back, perhaps as much as 3 billion years, into early Precambrian time. Similarity in patterns of crustal and biological evolution in the southern continents can be traced back some
Hooker, Sir William Jackson
Hooker was the son of a merchant's clerk and descendant of Richard Hooker, noted theologian of the 16th century. A fortuitous discovery in 1805 of
Mitchum, Robert
Expelled from Haaren High School in New York City's Hell's Kitchen, Mitchum took to the road during the early years of the Depression.
Brabant
The remnant of the duchy of Lower Lorraine was
China, The decisive year, 1948
The year 1948 was the turning point. In central China, Communist armies of 500,000 men proved their ability to fight major battles on the plains and to capture, though not always hold, such important towns on the Lung-hai as Lo-yang and K'ai-feng. In North China they encircled T'ai-y�an, the capital of Shansi; took most of Chahar and Jehol, provinces on Manchuria's western flank; and recaptured
Harsch, Joseph Close
American newspaper and broadcast journalist who, during his 60-year career with The Christian Science Monitor, was noted for his presence at many of the period's most historic events and for his vivid reporting of those events; Great Britain's Queen Elizabeth II made him an honorary C.B.E. in 1965 (b. May 25, 1905, Toledo, Ohio--d. June 3, 1998, Jamestown, R.I.).
An-shun
Pinyin �Anshun, � city, west central Kweichow Province (sheng), China. An-shun is a county-level municipality (shih) and the administrative centre of An-shun Prefecture (ti-ch'�). It first became a city in 1958, later lost its municipal status, but was made a city again in 1966. An-shun is situated at the centre of various radiating highways covering the entire western part of the province, some 60 mi (100 km) west-southwest
Robert
Byname �Robert Guiscard, or Robert De Hauteville, �Italian �Roberto Guiscardo, or Roberto D'altavilla� Norman adventurer who settled in Apulia, in southern Italy, about 1047 and became duke of Apulia (1059). He eventually extended Norman rule over Naples, Calabria, and Sicily and laid the foundations of the Kingdom of Sicily.
Silay
City, northern Negros island, Philippines. Situated on Guimaras Strait, just north of Bacolod, Silay is a busy commercial and fishing port and the site of a large sugar mill, which handles the crop of the Silay-Talisay area, part of the country's leading sugarcane regions. The city is linked to other population centres on Negros by the main coastal highway. Inc. city, 1957. Pop.
Finney, Charles Grandison
After teaching school briefly, Finney studied law privately and entered the law office of Benjamin Wright at Adams, N.Y. References in his
David D'angers, Pierre-jean
The son of a carver, David went to Paris at age 17 with 11 francs in his pocket to study under Philippe-Laurent Roland. After a year and a half's struggle he received a small annuity from the municipality of Angers. In 1811 he won the Prix de Rome
